Master list of terms needed for Quiz #2

THE SPINAL CORD
Anterior = ventral
Posterior = dorsal
Foramen magnum
Conus medullaris
Cauda equine
Filum terminale
Dentate ligament
Cervical (8)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (1)
Cervical enlargement (C4-T1)
Lumbosacral enlargement (L2-S3)
Dorsal and ventral roots (law of Bell and Magendie)
Spinal (mixed) nerve
Dermatome
Dorsal medial sulcus and septum
Ventral median fissure
Dorsal lateral sulcus (dorsal root)
Ventral lateral sulcus (ventral root)
Dorsal intermediate septum
Column, tract, funiculus, f asciculus, lemniscus, bundle, brachium, peduncle
Dorsal and ventral horns of gray matter
Intermediate gray
Lateral (intermediolateral) horn
Laminae of Rexed
Central and peripheral processes
Nageotte’s area
Reflexes
Monosynaptic, stretch, myotatic, deep tendon (dr)
Multisynaptic – flexor withdrawal etc.

DESCENDING MOTOR SYSTEMS
Lower motor neuron vs. upper motor neuron
Pyramidal or corticospinal tract
Primary motor cortex (area 4)
Primary sensory cortices (areas 3, 1, 2, et)
Associated motor and premotor cortices
Betz cells
Corona radiate
Internal capsule
Cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri)
Pyramids
Pyramidal decussation
Lateral corticospinal tract
Ventral (anterior) corticospinal tract
Anterior horn motorneurons (alpha and gamma)
Upper motor neuron syndrome
Paresis (esp. in peripheral parts of limbs) (ipsilateral vs contralateral)
Spasticity
Increased deep tendon reflexes
Decreased or absent abdominal reflexes
Babinski reflex
Little or no atrophy
Extrapyramidal (nonpyramidal) pathways
Rubrospinal tract
Red nucleus
Vestibulospinal tract
Antigravity tone
Lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters)
Decerebrate rigidity (opisthotonus)
Medial longitudinal fasciculus (m.l.f.)
Medial vestibular nucleus
Superior colliculus
Accessory oculomotor nuclei
Pontine reticular formation
Tectospinal tract
Superior colliculus
Reticulospinal tracts
Medullary and pontine

ASCENDING TRACTS (SENSORY SYSTEMS)
Sensory receptors and transduction
Mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, etc.
Exteroceptors, enteroceptors, proprioceptors
Unencapsulated terminals
Free endings, perifollicular endings
Encapsulated terminals
Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles
Posterior column – medial lemniscus system
Epicritic; localized touch, kinesthesis
Posterior funiculus
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
(posterior intermediate septum)
Nucleus gracilis, nucleus cuneatus
Ventral arcuate fibers
Medial lemniscus
Ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of thalamus
Postcentral gyrus (primary sensory strip)
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Protopathic; pain and temperature (and non-localizable touch)
Lissauer’s tract (dorsolateral tract)
Secondary interneurons
Decussation and ascent as
Lateral spinothalamic tract
VPL, PO, and intralaminar nuclei of thalamus
Cerebral cortex
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
Unconscious proprioception
Column of Clarke
Ascent via post. Spinocerebellar tract
Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
(note; there are at least 2 other spcb tracts)

THE LOWER MEDULLA
Nucleus and tract of spinal trigeminal nerve (descending 5th)
Trigeminothalamic tracts
Spinal accessory nucleus (XI)
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Accessory (lateral, external) cuneate nucleus
Internal arcuate fibers
Medial lemniscus
Decussation of pyramidal tract
Pyramids
Reticular formation
Spinothalamic tracts (anterolateral system)
Posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar tract
Inferior olive
Principal nucleus
Accessory nuclei
Central tegmental tract
Central gray
Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (X)
Nucleus and tractus solitarius (VII, IX, X)
Medial longitudinal fasciculus (m.l.f.)
Posterior longitudinal bundle (Schutz)
Area postrema
Fourth (IV) ventricle
Inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)
Raphe nuclei of reticular formation

UPPER MEDULLA AND PONS
Cochlear nuclei: dorsal and ventral
Auditory decussations, trapezoid body
Superior olive
Lateral lemniscus
Vestibular nuclei… spinal, medial, lateral, superior
Inferior and superior medullary vela (velum, sing…)
Facial nerve nucleus and nerve VII
Genu of facial nerve
Abducent nucleus and nerve VI
External (lateral) rectus muscle
Pontine nuclei
Pontocerebellar fibers (middle cerebellar peduncle, brachium pontis)
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Cerebellar vermis
Trigeminal nerve complex V
Descending (spinal) fifth nucleus and tract
Principal sensory n.
Mesencephalic fifth nucleus and tract
Motor nucleus
Trochlear nucleus and nerve
Superior oblique muscle
Locus ceruleus

THE MESENCEPHALON
Tectum
Quadrigeminal plate
Tegmentum
Periaqueductal (central) gray
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
Inferior colliculus
Brachium of inferior colliculus
Superior colliculus
Brachium of superior colliculus
Trochlear nucleus and nerve (IV)
Superior oblique muscle
Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle
Cerebello-dentato-rubral tract
Cerebello-dentato-thalamic tract
Interpeduncular nucleus
Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle)
Parietopontine fibers
Occipitopontine fibers
Temporopontine fibers
Corticobulbospinal fibers
Frontopontine fibers
Oculomotor nucleus and nerve (III)
Superior and inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
Levator palpebri superioris
Edinger Westphal nucleus
Ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
Nucleus rubber
Substantia nigra
Pars compacta
Pars reticulate
Nigrostriatal projection
Ventral tegmental area

OTHER BRAIN STEM AREAS
Dorsal surface
Gracile tubercle
Cuneate tubercle
Hypoglossal trigone
Facial colliculus
Floor of fourth ventricle
Inferior, middle and superior cerebellar peduncles
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
Inferior colliculus and brachium of inferior colliculus
Superior colliculus and brachium of superior colliculus
Trochlear (IV) nerve
Pineal gland
Habenula
Thalamus
Internal capsule
Ventral surface
Pyramid
Inferior olive
Hypoglossal (XII) nerve
Spinal accessory (XI) nerve
Vagus (X) n.
Glossopharyngeal (IX) n.
Pons
Abducens (VI) n.
Facial (VII) n.
Vestibule-cochlear (VIII) n.
Trigeminal (V) n.
Crus cerebri
Oculomotor (III) n.
Diencephalon (hypothalamus)
Optic (II) ‘nerve’ (tract) and optic chiasm